United Nations
Report: Special Rapporteur on Religious Intolerance, Addendum, E/CN.4/1995/91/Add.1 (excerpt) [p.83]
Economic and Social Council
E/CN.4/1995/91/Add.1
23 December 1994
COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS
Fifty-first session
Item 22 of the provisional agenda
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DECLARATION OF THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF INTOLERANCE AND OF DISCRIMINATION BASED ON RELIGION OR BELIEF
Report submitted Mr. Abdelfattah Amor, Special Rapporteur, in accordance with Commission on Human Rights resolution 1994/18
Addendum
CHINA
3. Religious intolerance against Tibetans
(a) Cases of Tibetan monks and nuns allegedly arrested before the 1992 demonstrations
Jamphel Changchup, aged 29, of Toelung Dechen, monk at Drepung monastery; sentenced to 18 years� imprisonment and at present in Drapchi prison.
Ngawang Champtsul, aged 31, of Phenpo Lhundrup Dzong, monk at Potala monastery; sentenced to 15 years� imprisonment .
Ngawang Gyaltsen, aged 36, of Toelung Dechen, monk at Drepung monastery; sentenced to 15 years� imprisonment.
Tenpa Wangdrak, aged 58, of Lhoka Nedong, monk at Drepung monastery; sentenced to 15 years� imprisonment and at present in Damchu prison.
Jamphel Khedrup, aged 45, of Toelung Dechen, monk at Drepung monastery; sentenced to 18 years� imprisonment.
Ganden Tashi (Lhundrup Kelden), monk at Ganden monastery; allegedly arrested in 1988 during a demonstration. It is said that at the time of his arrest he was beaten unconscious and suffered serious head injuries. Allegedly sentenced to three years� imprisonment and forced labour, during which his state of health deteriorated. Said to have been sentenced once again to nine years� additional imprisonment for having attempted to escape with two other prisoners who, it is reported, were executed. At present said to be paralysed from head to foot.
Ngawang Yangkyi, nun at Tsamkhung monastery in Lhasa, who was allegedly arrested by the Chinese police for taking part in a demonstration during which she shouted slogans in the street. Initially detained in Drapchi prison, she was then transferred to the people�s hospital in Lhasa owing to the ill-treatment she experienced during long periods of questioning in the course of her detention. Her state of health is allegedly a source of serious concern.
Lhundup Kalden (Tashi), aged 25, monk at Gaden monastery, was allegedly arrested on 5 March 1988 on the last day of the Great Prayer Festival during mass Tibetan demonstrations in favour of independence. After being tortured in the course of questioning over a period of nine months, he was allegedly sentenced to three years� imprisonment and re-education through work and deprived of his political rights for a period of one year. It is said that he was then taken to Drapchi prison on 6 March 1989 to serve his sentence. On 17 May 1990 he was allegedly sentenced to a further term of nine years imprisonment for participating in preparations for an escape. Following this sentence, Lhundup Kalden was allegedly chained by the wrists and ankles for a period of one year and seven months and forced to work in that condition. At the time of his arrest he allegedly suffered severe head injuries. As he failed to receive the necessary care during his detention it is said that one day he fell down because of his condition. Eventually taken to the people�s hospital in Lhasa, he was placed in the intensive care unit and then transferred to the Tibetan Medical Centre (Lhasa Mentsikhang). His state of health allegedly continues to be a source of serious concern to his family.
(b) Cases of Tibetan monks and nuns arrested during the demonstrations of February and May 1992
On 29 October 1992, the Tibetan monks and nuns listed below were allegedly sentenced by the Chinese authorities to terms of imprisonment ranging from two to nine years as well as deprivation of their political rights for periods of two to four years.
(i) Eleven young monks or novices from Dunbo Tsenkhor monastery:
Dawa, aged 20.
Migmar Tsering, aged 17, of Chidhe Shol, sentenced to seven years� imprisonment.
Migmar Gyaltsen.
Migmar, aged 21, from Namyal Shol.
Gelong Tsering, aged 26, from Namyal Shol.
Lhakpa Tsering, from Chidhe Shol.
Tsering, aged 20, from Chidhe Shol, sentenced to five years� imprisonment.
Shilog Genpa, aged 20, from Chidhe Shol.
Sonam Choepel, aged 12, sentenced to two years of imprisonment.
Phurbu Tashi, aged 14, sentenced to five years� imprisonment.
Jampel Dorje, aged 15, sentenced to nine years� imprisonment.
(ii) Other monks and nuns:
Lobsang Dorje (Kelsang Wangdu), aged 20, from Phenpo Lhundup, retired monk from Phurchok; sentenced to nine years�imprisonment and four years� deprivation of his political rights.
Lobsang Sherab (Kelsang Lhundup), aged 20, retired monk from Purchok; sentenced to seven years`imprisonment and three years� deprivation of his political rights.
Thupten Kelsang (Penap), from Toelung Tso-med; sentenced to six years� deprivation of his political rights.
Lobsanq LhuduD (Palden), aged 20, from Lhundup Dzong, retired monk from Phurchok; sentenced to seven years' imprisonment and three years' deprivation of his political rights. Nqawanq Tenzin, from Lhundup Dzong, nun at Chupsang convent; sentenced to five years' imprisonment and two years' deprivation of her political rights. Gvaltsen Sherab (Rinchen Dawa), aged 25, from Lhundup Dzong, nun at Chupsang convent; sentenced to five years' imprisonment and two years' deprivation of her political rights. Lobsanq Dolma (Dawa Saldon), aged 22, from Toelung Dechen Dzong, nun at Mijungri convent; sentenced to seven years' imprisonment and three years' deprivation of her political rights. Tinlev Choezom (Goq-kved), aged 18, from Maldro Gungkar, nun at Mijungri convent; sentenced to five years' imprisonment and two years' deprivation of her political rights. Phuntsok Yanqkvi (Minqdron), aged 19, from Taktse Dzong, nun at Mijungri convent; sentenced to five years' imprisonment and two years' deprivation of her political rights. Lobsanq Choedrak (Thupten Norbu), aged 18, monk at Kah-chen monastery; sentenced to five years' imprisonment and two years' deprivation of his political rights. Phuntsok Ziched (Penpa), aged 24, from Lhundup, monk at Drepung monastery; sentenced to eight years' imprisonment and three years' deprivation of his political rights. Phuntsok (Tenzin), aged 21, from Za-sa, monk at Drepung monastery; sentenced to eight years' imprisonment and three years' deprivation of his political rights. Phuntsok Leasanq (Penpa), aged 20, from Dhamshung Dzong, monk at Drepung monastery; sentenced to six years' imprisonment and two years' deprivation of his political rights.
Phuntsok Namqval (Palden), aged 22, from Lhundup Dzong, monk at Drepung monastery; sentenced to six years' imprisonment and two years' deprivation of his political rights.
Nqawanq Lhasanq (Jordhen), aged 23, from Lhundup Dzong, monk at Drepung monastery; sentenced to five years' imprisonment and two years' deprivation of his political rights.
Nqawanq Lunqtoq (Tobqval), aged 19, from Lhundup, monk at Drepung monastery; sentenced to five years' imprisonment.
Nqawanq Sothar (PenDa), aged 23, from Toelung Dechen Dzong, monk at Drepung monastery; sentenced to five years' imprisonment.
Nqawanq Tinlev (Penpa Tserinq), aged 27, from Lhundup Dzong, monk at Drepung monastery; sentenced to four years' imprisonment.
Phuntsok Dadrav (Tashi Norbu), aged 17, from Toelung Dechen, monk at Drepung monastery; sentenced to four years' imprisonment.
Phuntsok Samten (Tserinq Wanqdu), aged 20, from Dhamshung, monk at Drepung monastery; sentenced to four years' imprisonment.
Nqawanq Choeshe (Choeka), aged-23, from Lhundup Dzong, monk at Drepung monastery; sentenced to three years' imprisonment.
Tinlev Choeden (SamduD), aged 21, from Lhundup Dzong, monk at Drepung monastery; sentenced to three years' imprisonment.
Tinlev Tenzin (Chileq), aged 21, from Toelung Dechen, monk at Drepung monastery; sentenced to three years' imprisonment.
JamDa Tenzin (Kharab Gyatso), aged 21, from Lhundup Dzong, monk at Gaden monastery; sentenced to two years' imprisonment.
Nqawanq Khedup (Tenzin Nvima), aged 21, from Maldro Gungkar, monk at Gaden monastery; sentenced to two years' imprisonment.
Lobsanq Nqawanq (Nvima), aged 20, probably monk at Nechung monastery.
Kelsanq Dawa, aged 21, from Toelung Dechen, monk at Tsomed monastery; sentenced to five years' imprisonment.
Nqawanq Khedup (Dawa), aged 24, from Toelung Dechen, monk at Drepung monastery; sentenced to six years' imprisonment.
Nqawanq Palqon (Yonten), aged 23, from Toelung Dechen, monk at Drepung monastery; sentenced to five years' imprisonment and two years' deprivation of his political rights.
Nqawanq Phuntsok (Woeser), aged 21, from Toelung Dechen, monk at Drepung monastery; sentenced to five years' imprisonment.
Pensa, aged 23, from Gyangtse; sentenced to two years' imprisonment and three years' deprivation of his political rights.
Nqawanq ZoePa (Tserinq), aged 25, from Rimpung Dzong, monk at Rong Jamchem monastery; sentenced to three and one half years' imprisonment.
Norqve, aged 23, from Rimpung Dzong, monk at Rong Jamchen monastery; sentenced to three and one half years' imprisonment.
(c) Cases of Tibetan monks and nuns arrested durinq the demonstrations of Februarv. March and June 1993
On 25 February 1993 a group of Buddhist nuns allegedly organized a demonstration in the centre of the Tibetan district of Lhasa. It is said that four nuns were arrested.
During another incident, on 9 March 1993, six monks from Ganden monastery allegedly demonstrated in Barkor Street next to the Jokhang temple in the centre of the Tibetan district. It is reported that three of them were arrested by the police. One of the monks who was carrying the Tibetan national flag was allegedly beaten. Seven other monks were allegedly arrested that day in the same area.
Two incidents, on 11 and 13 March 1993, on Barkor Street allegedly involved a dozen monks who, according to some sources, were from the Ganden monastery and were arrested by the police.
On 1 June 1993, three monks from Drepung monastery who were chanting 'Free Tibet' were savagely set upon by the police, who eventually led them off together with two young women who had tried to defend them. On 4 June 1993, five monks and two nuns from Toelung and Nethang were allegedly arrested in the Barkor area.
In June 1993, 19 nuns from Garu convent were allegedly arrested. Shortly afterwards it was learned that 12 other nuns from that convent had reportedly been sentenced to long prison terms (up to six years in some cases) for participating in a procession around the Potala Palace in 1992.
On 20 June 1993, about 100 monks were allegedly arrested at Kirti monastery in the Ngaba region. It is said that some of them were tortured during their detention.
9. Investigation concerning cases raised in Rapporteur's November 1993 communication (G/SO 214 (56-7)):
Zhang Ruiyu, female, age 55, from Putian County, Fujian province. University level education. In accordance with the law, was sentenced in September 1993 by the Putian Municipal Intermediate People's Court to four years' imprisonment and stripped of her political rights for two years, for counter-revolutionary activities. Released on probation in May 1994.
Zheng Yunsou, male, age 60, from Wei Shan County, Shandong province, primary school level education. In accordance with the law, was sentenced in October 1992 by the People's Court of Wei-Shan County, Shandong province, to 12 years' imprisonment for disruption of public order and fraud. He is serving sentence with the Jinan Reform-through-Labour Detachment, and is in good health.
Jamphel Changchup, male, a lama from Drepung monastery in Lhasa. In accordance with the law, was sentenced on 30 November 1989 by the Lhasa Municipal Intermediate People's Court to 19 years' imprisonment and stripped of his political rights for 5 years for his involvement in the illegal activities of an illegal separatist organization in January 1989, and for collecting State secrets.
Tenpa Wangdrak, male, a lama from Ganden monastery. In accordance with the law, was sentenced in January 1989 by the Lhasa Municipal Intermediate People's Court to 14 years' imprisonment for involvement in separatist activities and for participating in the Lhasa riots on 3 May 1988.
Ngawang Gyaltsen, male, a lama from Drepung monastery in Lhasa. In accordance with the law, was sentenced in November 1989 by the Lhasa Municipal Intermediate People's Court to 17 years' imprisonment, and stripped of his political rights for 5 years for involvement in the separatist activities of an illegal organization, collecting State secrets, crossing the border illegally, and participating in the Lhasa riots in March 1993.
Ganden Tashi or Lhundrup Kelden, male, age 25, a lama from Ganden monastery. In accordance with the law, was sentenced by the Lhasa Municipal Intermediate People's Court to three years' imprisonment for counter-revolutionary activities. While serving sentence he organized an escape from prison, and was then sentenced to nine years and six months of imprisonment in accordance with the law. Released on bail for medical treatment on 31 March 1993.
Lobsang Dorje, male, age 21, ethnic Tibetan from Linzhou County, Tibet Autonomous Region. A lama from Pu-jiao Temple. In accordance with the law, was sentenced to nine years' imprisonment by the Lhasa Municipal Intermediate People's Court for counter-revolutionary activities. Now serving sentence in the Tibet Autonomous Region prison.
Lobsang Lhudup, male, age 21, ethnic Tibetan from Linzhou County, Tibet Autonomous Region. A lama from Pu-jiao Temple. In accordance with the law, was sentenced to seven years' imprisonment by the Lhasa Municipal Intermediate People's Court for counter-revolutionary activities. Now serving sentence in the Tibet Autonomous Region prison.
Dhuntsok Ziched, male, age 25, ethnic Tibetan from Linzhou County, Tibet Autonomous Region. A lama from Drepung monastery. In accordance with the law, was sentenced to eight years' imprisonment by the Lhasa Intermediate People's Court for counter-revolutionary activities. Now serving sentence in the Tibet Autonomous Region prison.
Phuntsok Legsang, male, age 21, ethnic Tibetan from Dangxiong County, Tibet Autonomous Region. A lama from Drepung monastery. In accordance with the law, was sentenced to six years' imprisonment by the Lhasa Intermediate People's Court for counter-revolutionary activities. Now serving sentence in the Tibet Autonomous Region prison.
Phuntsok Namgyal, male, age 23, ethnic Tibetan from Linzhou County, Tibet Autonomous Region. A lama from Drepung monastery. In accordance with the law, was sentenced to six years' imprisonment by the Lhasa Intermediate People's Court for counter-revolutionary activities. Now serving sentence in the Tibet Autonomous Region prison.
Ngawang Lbasang, male, age 24, ethnic Tibetan from Linzhou County, Tibet Autonomous Region. A lama from Drepung monastery. In accordance with the law, was sentenced to five years' imprisonment by the Intermediate People's Court of the Tibet Autonomous Region for counter-revolutionary activities; now serving sentence in the Tibet Autonomous Region prison.
Ngawang Lungtog, male, age 20; ethnic Tibetan from Linzhou County, Tibet Autonomous Region. A lama from Drepung monastery. In accordance with the law, was sentenced to five years's imprisonment by the Intermediate People's Court of the Tibet Autonomous Region for counter-revolutionary activities; now serving sentence in the Tibet Autonomous Region prison.
Ngawang Sothar, male, age 24, ethnic Tibetan from Dui-long-De-Qing County, Tibet Autonomous Region. A lama from Drepung monastery. In accordance with the law, was sentenced to five years' imprisonment by the Intermediate People's Court of the Tibet Autonomous Region for counter-revolutionary activities; now serving sentence in Tibet Autonomous Region prison.
Phuntsok Samten, male, age 21, ethnic Tibetan from Dangxiong County, Tibet Autonomous Region. A lama from Drepung monastery. In accordance with the law, was sentenced to four years' imprisonment by the Intermediate People's Court of the Tibet Autonomous Region for counter-revolutionary activities; now serving sentence in the Tibet Autonomous Region prison.
Ngawang Choeshe, male, age 24, ethnic Tibetan from Linzhou County, Tibet Autonomous Region. A lama from Drepung monastery. In accordance with the law, was sentenced to three years' imprisonment by the Intermediate People's Court of the Tibet Autonomous Region for counter-revolutionary activities; now serving sentence in the Tibet Autonomous Region prison.
Jampa Tenzin, male, age 21, ethnic Tibetan from Linzhou County, Tibet Autonomous Region. A lama from Drepung monastery. In accordance with the law, was sentenced to two years' imprisonment by the Intermediate People's Court of the Tibet Autonomous Region for counter-revolutionary activities. Served sentence in the Tibet Autonomous Region prison: released on 12 May 1994, after serving his full prison term.
Kelsang Dawa, male, age 21, ethnic Tibetan from Dui-long-De-Qing County, Tibet Autonomous Region. A lama from Cuomai Temple. In accordance with the law, was sentenced to five years' imprisonment by the Intermediate People's Court of the Tibet Autonomous Region for counter-revolutionary activities; now serving sentence in the Tibet Autonomous Region prison.
Ngawang Khedup, male, age 25, ethnic Tibetan from Dui-long-De-Qing County, Tibet Autonomous Region. A lama from Drepung monastery. In accordance with the law, was sentenced to six years' imprisonment by the Intermediate People's Court of the Tibet Autonomous Region for counter-revolutionary activities; now serving sentence in the Tibet Autonomous Region prison.
Ngawang Palgon, male, age 24, ethnic Tibetan from Dui-long-De-Qing County, Tibet Autonomous Region. A lama from Drepung monastery. In accordance with the law, was sentenced to five years' imprisonment by the Intermediate People's Court of the Tibet Autonomous Region for counter-revolutionary activities; now serving sentence in the Tibet Autonomous Region prison.
Ngawang Phuntsok, male, age 22, ethnic Tibetan from Dui-long-De-Qing County, Tibet Autonomous Region. A lama from Drepung monastery. In accordance with the law, was sentenced to five years' imprisonment by the Intermediate People's Court of the Tibet Autonomous Region for counter-revolutionary activities; now serving sentence in the Tibet Autonomous Region prison.
Lobsang Dolma, female, age 23, ethnic Tibetan from Dui-long-De-Qing County, Tibet Autonomous Region. A nun from Michungi nunnery. In accordance with the law, was sentenced to seven years' imprisonment by the Intermediate People's Court of the Tibet Autonomous Region for counter-revolutionary activities; now serving sentence in the Tibet Autonomous Region prison.